Chemicals in Use: Health Implications of Military Toxins

Military service comes with a heightened risk of danger, but an often underappreciated threat persists long after veterans hang up their uniforms—exposure to hazardous chemicals. From toxic fuels to firefighting foams, the military environment has left many veterans grappling with profound health challenges linked to toxic exposures during their service. As of August 2023, over 4 million veterans have undergone screenings related to potential toxic exposures, with 43% indicating they experienced at least one type of hazardous exposure. Numerous chemicals, including airborne hazards, radiation, and contaminated water, have severe health repercussions, not just for veterans, but also their families. These chemicals tend to linger in both the environment and the human body, leading to long-term health issues that are becoming increasingly recognized.

Among the various sources of military toxins, burn pits have garnered significant attention due to their severe health implications. Burn pits were used in Iraq and Afghanistan to incinerate waste, including chemicals, plastics, and even human waste. The smoke released from these pits contained harmful particulate matter and toxins, affecting veterans stationed in nearby locations. For example, at Joint Base Balad—one of the largest bases in Iraq—the burn pit spanned nearly 10 acres and consistently exposed personnel to toxic smoke, contributing to higher instances of respiratory diseases, various cancers, and chronic conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Alongside respiratory issues, emerging research indicates a potential link between exposure to burn pit smoke and neurological disorders, which raises concerns about mental health among affected veterans.

Chemical exposure also extends to firefighting foam, particularly concerning the use of Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF), which contains per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). These substances are notoriously difficult to break down, earning the moniker “forever chemicals,” and are linked to a range of health issues, including liver damage, kidney cancer, and weakened immune responses. Military personnel involved in firefighting and hazardous materials handling are particularly susceptible to these health risks. Furthermore, veterans exposed to AFFF have begun to file claims with the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) for related health conditions, including various cancers and liver diseases. Many affected veterans are also pursuing legal action against manufacturers of AFFF, alleging that these companies knowingly produced foams containing harmful chemicals without properly warning users of their risks.

While the military firefighting roles are prominent, PFAS exposure risks also arise for personnel working near contaminated water or in maintenance operations where AFFF was used, exposing a broader range of service members to the dangers of these harmful chemicals. The implications extend beyond direct contact, emphasizing the need for thorough considerations of all military roles and their chemical exposure risks. Addressing these exposures is vital, both for health prevention and ensuring personnel understand the potential hazards they might face.

Apart from burn pits and firefighting foams, veterans may also face health complications arising from exposure to chemical weapons, even if these agents are now largely outlawed. Historical military conflicts involved the use of substances such as mustard gas and nerve agents, while unintentional exposures during training and testing have been reported. The ongoing geopolitical landscape, as seen in accusations against Russia for chemical weapon use in Ukraine, highlights the risks of toxic exposures inherent to military operations. Long-term health symptoms from such exposures can manifest as chronic respiratory and neurological conditions, complicating efforts to provide adequate healthcare and support for affected veterans.

Veterans diagnosed with conditions linked to toxic exposures during service have avenues for redress through the VA, allowing them to file claims for related disabilities. Besides navigating claims for health complications originating from service, legal action against chemical manufacturers further opens doors for justice and compensation for veterans. The legacy of military toxins remains a critical concern that necessitates heightened awareness; despite the glaring dangers faced in combat situations, the health impacts of chemical exposures during service underscore the urgent need for targeted advocacy and comprehensive care strategies for veterans. Finally, fostering understanding and raising awareness around these issues can ensure veterans receive the necessary support and acknowledgment of their sacrifices.